649 lines
31 KiB
HTML
649 lines
31 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport"
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content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp">
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<meta name="keywords" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<meta name="description" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<title>
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丝绸之路经济带建设中的水资源安全问题及对策_华兴信朗科技有限公司 </title>
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<meta name="description" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<meta name="keywords" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/base.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/inside.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/adver.css">
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<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
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<script src="js/jquery.SuperSlide.2.1.2.js"></script>
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<script src="js/adver.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/swiper.min.css">
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<script src="js/swiper.min.js"></script>
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<script src="js/common.js?rightButton=0&mobilejump=1"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="//js.users.51.la/21603483.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="js/animate.min.css">
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<script src="js/wow.min.js"></script>
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<script>
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new WOW().init();
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</script>
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<div class="wrapper">
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<div class="header">
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<div class="top">
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<div class="head clearfix">
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<div class="headc clearfix">
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<div class="logo">
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<a href="display.php-245.html"><img src="upload/2023-02/167625731199082900.png" width="276"
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alt="华兴信朗科技有限公司"></a>
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</div>
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<div class="headcr">
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<div class="nav">
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<ul class="clearfix">
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<li><a href="display.php-245.html" class="a1">网站首页</a></li>
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<li><a href="about.php.html?class_id=101" class="a1">走进华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101101">公司介绍</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101102">企业文化</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101103">发展历程</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101104">科技研发</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101105">荣誉资质</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101106">合作伙伴</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757387027265500.jpg" alt="走进华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php.html?class_id=102" class="a1">智慧园区案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-1.html?class_id=102101">物联网解决方案</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-2.html?class_id=102102">大数据</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-3.html?class_id=102103">工业互联网</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757406759387400.jpg" alt="智慧园区案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-4.html?class_id=103" class="a1">产品展示</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-5.html?class_id=103101">华润(双跨工业互联网案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-6.html?class_id=103104">蒙牛(智能生产运营管理案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-7.html?class_id=103103">神华锦界矿山(智慧矿山案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-8.html?class_id=103102">烽火创新谷(智慧园区案例)</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2024-02/170830731151664300.jpg" alt="产品展示"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-9.html?class_id=104" class="a1">典型案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-10.html?class_id=104101">双跨工业互联网</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-11.html?class_id=104102">智能生产</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-12.html?class_id=104103">智慧矿山</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-13.html?class_id=104104">智慧园区</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-13.html?class_id=104104">数字展厅</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757408007094200.jpg" alt="典型案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class='current'><a href="info.php-14.html?class_id=105" class="a1">新闻中心</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-14.html">企业新闻</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-14.html">媒体关注</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757408606656700.jpg" alt="新闻中心"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-17.html?class_id=107" class="a1">加入华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-17.html?class_id=107101">联系我们</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="https://www.zhaopin.com/companydetail/CC285666413.htm"
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target="_blank">人才招聘</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-03/167808272633247200.jpg" alt="加入华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<!-- <li class="on"><a href="https://b2b.baidu.com/shop?name=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&xzhid=49549995&tpath=index&from=ent_card&prod_type=91" target="_blank" class="a1">爱采购店铺</a></li> -->
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="headcrr">
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<div class="asearch serbot"><img src="images/search1_09.png"></div>
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<div class="alau">
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<a href="display.php-245.html" class="zh">中文</a>
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<a href="#" target="_blank" class="en">EN</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="head head2 clearfix">
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<div class="headc clearfix">
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<div class="logo">
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<a href="display.php-245.html"><img src="upload/2023-02/167625733028387500.png" width="276"
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alt="华兴信朗科技有限公司"></a>
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</div>
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<div class="headcr">
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<div class="nav">
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<ul class="clearfix">
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<li><a href="display.php-245.html" class="a1">网站首页</a></li>
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<li><a href="about.php.html?class_id=101" class="a1">走进华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101101">公司介绍</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101102">企业文化</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101103">发展历程</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101104">科技研发</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101105">荣誉资质</a>
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101106">合作伙伴</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757387027265500.jpg" alt="走进华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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|||
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<li><a href="info.php.html?class_id=102" class="a1">智慧园区案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
|
|||
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-1.html?class_id=102101">物联网解决方案</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-2.html?class_id=102102">大数据</a></dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-3.html?class_id=102103">工业互联网</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757406759387400.jpg" alt="智慧园区案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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|||
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<li><a href="info.php-4.html?class_id=103" class="a1">产品展示</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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|||
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-5.html?class_id=103101">华润(双跨工业互联网案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-6.html?class_id=103104">蒙牛(智能生产运营管理案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-7.html?class_id=103103">神华锦界矿山(智慧矿山案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-8.html?class_id=103102">烽火创新谷(智慧园区案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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</dl>
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|||
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</div>
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|||
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2024-02/170830731151664300.jpg" alt="产品展示"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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|||
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<li><a href="info.php-9.html?class_id=104" class="a1">典型案例</a>
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|||
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<div class="sub">
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|||
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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|||
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<div class="sub01">
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|||
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<dl class="clearfix">
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-10.html?class_id=104101">双跨工业互联网</a></dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-11.html?class_id=104102">智能生产</a></dt>
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|||
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<h1>丝绸之路经济带建设中的水资源安全问题及对策</h1>
|
|||
|
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<p class="titBar">发布日期：2015-07-29 浏览次数：729</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
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“丝绸之路经济带”的战略构想既为沿线国家带来了经济社会发展和加强区域合作的历史性机遇,也面临着诸多约束与挑战。水资源安全问题便是我国在推进丝绸之路经济带建设过程中应该高度重视的战略性和前瞻性问题之一。丝绸之路经济带范围内的跨国界(或边界)河流众多。在这些河流流域地区,或多或少地存在着流域国之间的水资源分配、水电开发、水污染等矛盾,尤以中亚咸海流域和西亚两河流域的跨国界河流最为典型。
|
|||
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</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>水资源缺乏且时空分布不均</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
在丝绸之路经济带范围所涉及的主要地区中,除了北非以外,中亚和西亚地区是水资源最为短缺的地区。水资源缺乏且时空分布不均是当地经济发展及区域合作的重要约束。在干旱半干旱地区,水资源是深刻影响该地区国家间地缘政治关系的重要战略资源。
|
|||
|
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</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
由于在流域中所处地理位置的不同,中亚咸海流域和西亚两河流域内各个国家在占有流域水资源量上相差较大。我国西北地区与邻国哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦同属中亚干旱内陆区,在社会经济发展过程中同样面临着水土资源分布极不均衡、水资源缺乏且开发利用难度大、水资源供需矛盾突出、生态环境问题多样且严重等问题。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>水资源需求的结构性矛盾突出</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
在丝绸之路经济带，降水量不足以维持当地的雨养农业,灌溉农业成为流域各国的唯一选择,农业用水是各流域国家的主要用水大户。中国、中亚地区、西亚地区不同国家对水资源的需求特征依各国的水资源和能源分布特征及经济结构特征而异。在苏联解体后,上下游国家之间的能源结构、农业模式和经济结构冲突问题凸显,国家间的水资源争端日益暴露。独立后的中亚五国,随着人口增长和经济恢复,用水需求量日趋增加,水资源供需矛盾不断升级。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
中亚地区和西亚地区都存在着跨界水资源问题与能源问题相互交织的特点。跨界区域不合理的产业结构和经济发展模式就造成了各国对水资源需求的结构性矛盾。与世界上其他多数干旱地区一样,我国西北地区也存在着用水结构不合理,用水效率和效益较低等特征。西北地区的水利建设滞后,水资源和自然资源开发利用与生态环境保护的矛盾日益尖锐,水资源管理面临严峻挑战。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>生态环境条件脆弱</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
历史上,中亚地区在通过进行大规模的农业开发和水利建设创造经济发展奇迹的同时,也曾造成了该区域的河流断流、湖泊干涸等一系列水文地理系统和生态环境状况的重大变化,酿造了咸海流域不可逆转的生态灾难。丝绸之路经济带沿途所经干旱地区的生态环境条件较为脆弱,生态安全受到当地气候变化特征、水资源分布特征、水资源开发利用方式和开发程度、水资源利用效率、不同用水户间的水资源配置等因素的影响。水资源开发利用不当将会产生态环境劣变,从而引发土地荒漠化和生物多样性消失。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>跨界河流流域的水资源争端</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
在中亚地区,前苏联时期已在中亚阿姆河和锡尔河上游建设了很多水利设施。下游国家虽然拥有广阔的土地资源却没有足够的蓄水,唯有依靠上游国家的水库下泄水量来满足需求。苏联解体后,一方面,上游国家因自身发展所需改变了阿姆河和锡尔河上游水库的运行方式,滋生了上下游国家之间的水资源供需矛盾。另一方面,下游国家开始通过各种条约和协议限制上游国家的用水和水资源开发,上游国家则全然不顾,继续加大水电开发力度,造成了上、下游国家间的水冲突日益激烈。在西亚地区,幼发拉底河和底格里斯河流域的水资源分配问题具有高度政治化的特点,流域国之间很难达成各方都满意的分水协议。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>跨界水资源合作实践</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
中亚和西亚地区的跨界河流流域国家在伴随着跨界水问题冲突不断的过程中也进行了不同程度的合作。中国和哈萨克斯坦之间就跨界水资源相关问题进行了一系列切实有效的合作,并正与吉尔吉斯斯坦磋商关于中吉跨界河流水资源利用和保护方面的合作。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
我国在推进丝绸之路经济带建设过程中,应关注这条经济带所涉及区域的水资源安全问题,在水资源的开发利用、保护和管理等方面积极推进与相关国家的跨地区、多元化合作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 0em;"><strong>推动丝绸之路经济带水资源安全合作的对策</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
针对丝绸之路经济带所经重点区域的水资源安全问题,亟需加强国家间及区域间的水资源安全合作,为推进丝绸之路经济带建设进程提供保障。从总体战略布局角度为构建丝绸之路经济带上的水资源安全合作走廊提出以下五个方面的对策建议。
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
我国在推进丝绸之路经济带建设过程中,应关注这条经济带所涉及区域的水资源安全问题,在水资源的开发利用、保护和管理等方面积极推进与相关国家的跨地区、多元化合作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">一是制定中国-中亚地区水资源协同开发的战略框架,加强地区间水资源合作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">二是布局沿丝绸之路经济带的水资源合作项目,构建水资源合作走廊。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">三是加强跨地区水资源协同开发和保护的相关理论和关键技术研究。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">四是构建跨界水资源合作机制,提高水资源综合管理能力。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">五是加强水资源与环境信息监测工作,完善水资源安全的支撑体系。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">（摘自2015年第5期《中国人口资源与环境》，作者：郭利丹）</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><br></p>
|
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</div>
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<div class="ft wow fadeInUp animated" data-wow-delay="0.3s">
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<li><strong>下一篇：<a href="display.php-246.html?id=565">水体干预与我国水安全战略体系的构建</a></strong>
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