643 lines
33 KiB
HTML
643 lines
33 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport"
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content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp">
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<meta name="keywords" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<meta name="description" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<title>
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雨水管理中外对比_华兴信朗科技有限公司 </title>
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<meta name="description" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<meta name="keywords" content="华兴信朗科技有限公司，大数据、果园植保机、设施农业、智慧矿山、无人农场、高标准农田建设、智能阀门、智能闸门、农业智慧园区案例">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/base.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/inside.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/adver.css">
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<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
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<script src="js/jquery.SuperSlide.2.1.2.js"></script>
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<script src="js/adver.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="images/swiper.min.css">
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<script src="js/swiper.min.js"></script>
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<script src="js/common.js?rightButton=0&mobilejump=1"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="//js.users.51.la/21603483.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="js/animate.min.css">
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<script src="js/wow.min.js"></script>
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<script>
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new WOW().init();
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</script>
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<div class="wrapper">
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<div class="header">
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<div class="top">
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<div class="head clearfix">
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<div class="headc clearfix">
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<div class="logo">
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<a href="display.php-237.html"><img src="upload/2023-02/167625731199082900.png" width="276"
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alt="华兴信朗科技有限公司"></a>
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</div>
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<div class="headcr">
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<div class="nav">
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<ul class="clearfix">
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<li><a href="display.php-237.html" class="a1">网站首页</a></li>
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<li><a href="about.php.html?class_id=101" class="a1">走进华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101101">公司介绍</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101102">企业文化</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101103">发展历程</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101104">科技研发</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101105">荣誉资质</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101106">合作伙伴</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757387027265500.jpg" alt="走进华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php.html?class_id=102" class="a1">智慧园区案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-1.html?class_id=102101">物联网解决方案</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-2.html?class_id=102102">大数据</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-3.html?class_id=102103">工业互联网</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757406759387400.jpg" alt="智慧园区案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-4.html?class_id=103" class="a1">产品展示</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-5.html?class_id=103101">华润(双跨工业互联网案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-6.html?class_id=103104">蒙牛(智能生产运营管理案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-7.html?class_id=103103">神华锦界矿山(智慧矿山案例)</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-8.html?class_id=103102">烽火创新谷(智慧园区案例)</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2024-02/170830731151664300.jpg" alt="产品展示"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-9.html?class_id=104" class="a1">典型案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-10.html?class_id=104101">双跨工业互联网</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-11.html?class_id=104102">智能生产</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-12.html?class_id=104103">智慧矿山</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-13.html?class_id=104104">智慧园区</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-13.html?class_id=104104">数字展厅</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757408007094200.jpg" alt="典型案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class='current'><a href="info.php-14.html?class_id=105" class="a1">新闻中心</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-14.html">企业新闻</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-14.html">媒体关注</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757408606656700.jpg" alt="新闻中心"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php-17.html?class_id=107" class="a1">加入华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-17.html?class_id=107101">联系我们</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="https://www.zhaopin.com/companydetail/CC285666413.htm"
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target="_blank">人才招聘</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-03/167808272633247200.jpg" alt="加入华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<!-- <li class="on"><a href="https://b2b.baidu.com/shop?name=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&xzhid=49549995&tpath=index&from=ent_card&prod_type=91" target="_blank" class="a1">爱采购店铺</a></li> -->
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="headcrr">
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<div class="asearch serbot"><img src="images/search1_09.png"></div>
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<div class="alau">
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<a href="display.php-237.html" class="zh">中文</a>
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<a href="#" target="_blank" class="en">EN</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="head head2 clearfix">
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<div class="headc clearfix">
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<div class="logo">
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<a href="display.php-237.html"><img src="upload/2023-02/167625733028387500.png" width="276"
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alt="华兴信朗科技有限公司"></a>
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</div>
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<div class="headcr">
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<div class="nav">
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<ul class="clearfix">
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<li><a href="display.php-237.html" class="a1">网站首页</a></li>
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<li><a href="about.php.html?class_id=101" class="a1">走进华兴</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101101">公司介绍</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101102">企业文化</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101103">发展历程</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101104">科技研发</a>
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</dt>
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101105">荣誉资质</a>
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a
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href="about.php.html?class_id=101#location101106">合作伙伴</a>
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</dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757387027265500.jpg" alt="走进华兴"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><a href="info.php.html?class_id=102" class="a1">智慧园区案例</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
|
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-1.html?class_id=102101">物联网解决方案</a></dt>
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<dt><a href="info.php-2.html?class_id=102102">大数据</a></dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-3.html?class_id=102103">工业互联网</a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2023-02/167757406759387400.jpg" alt="智慧园区案例"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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|||
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<li><a href="info.php-4.html?class_id=103" class="a1">产品展示</a>
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<div class="sub">
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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|||
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<div class="sub01">
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<dl class="clearfix">
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<dt><a href="info.php-5.html?class_id=103101">华润(双跨工业互联网案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-6.html?class_id=103104">蒙牛(智能生产运营管理案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-7.html?class_id=103103">神华锦界矿山(智慧矿山案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-8.html?class_id=103102">烽火创新谷(智慧园区案例)</a>
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|||
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</dt>
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|||
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</dl>
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|||
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</div>
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<div class="sub02">
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<img src="upload/2024-02/170830731151664300.jpg" alt="产品展示"
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width="100%" height="auto">
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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|||
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<li><a href="info.php-9.html?class_id=104" class="a1">典型案例</a>
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|||
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<div class="sub">
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|||
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<div class="g-in clearfix">
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|||
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<div class="sub01">
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|||
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<dl class="clearfix">
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-10.html?class_id=104101">双跨工业互联网</a></dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-11.html?class_id=104102">智能生产</a></dt>
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|||
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<dt><a href="info.php-12.html?class_id=104103">智慧矿山</a></dt>
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<h1>雨水管理中外对比</h1>
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<p class="titBar">发布日期：2015-09-06 浏览次数：719</p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
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导语：国内城市每逢大雨便出现内涝灾害，暴雨让城市排水系统瞬时崩溃，“看海”成为暴雨后的无奈调侃。随着我国城市化进程的加快和国民经济的高速发展，水资源单向循环、水资源短缺和水环境污染日趋严重。重视水资源，循环利用水资源，合理开发利用，有效保护与综合治理，已经到了刻不容缓的阶段。
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">一、国外雨水管理发展历程</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
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国外对于雨水的态度，经历了从恐惧厌弃到友善利用的转变，从单一排水到综合利用的转变，从单纯以工程方式解决向以工程和非工程相结合的方式转变。其发展进程大致可分为3个相对独立又相互交错的阶段。
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
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第一阶段为排涝蓄洪阶段。19世纪初期的雨水系统只是建设管渠工程，将雨水以及污水收集、输送到临近的地表水体，以达到将雨污尽快排走，避免造成渍水与洪涝灾害的目的。</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
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第二阶段为点源污染治理阶段。20世纪60年代，西方城市快速发展，污染日益严重，而且无法从根本上消除洪涝灾害。为此，西方国家进行了“点源”污染的治理，即污水处理。这种措施将雨污迅速而高效地排离城市，进行集中处理，一定时期内取得了非常好的效果。
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
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第三阶段为雨水可持续管理阶段。传统的“点源”治理方法已经很难适应当今城市化带来的地表径流污染与径流增加的现状，德国在20世纪80年代开始重视雨水径流污染的控制，“零径流增长”；美国在1987年的《水污染防治法》修正版与1986年颁布的《国家城市径流报告》中将注意力转移到了雨水污染治理上，并在日后的实践中日益完善。
|
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</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
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|
到20世纪90年代，一些可持续发展以及生态保护的价值观指导了雨洪管理体系。雨洪管理不仅仅从人的角度出发，而且从生态保护、城市可持续发展、经济双赢等多角度出发，希望创造出更加多功能、友好、可持续的生活环境。
|
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</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">二、国国外雨水管理理念</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
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美国：“雨水最佳管理实践”（BMPs: BestManagement Practices ）和“低冲击开发”（LID: Low-impactDevelopment）都是以尊重自然、恢复自然机制在城市中的作用为出发点，极力拓展“雨水调蓄”的空间和容量，尽可能在集水区内部吸纳相当数量的雨水，并规范约束人类的建设活动，以减少人类活动对原本生态环境的破坏性影响，寻求发展需求与环境保护之间的平衡。
|
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
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|
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澳大利亚：“水敏城市设计”（WSUD: WaterSensitive Urban Design）将雨水的管理与城市设计结合起来，将许多不同的设计措施共同组成一个“工具包”，为城市建设与城市水循环提供了一套通用的管理方法。该设计一方面以水循环为核心，将城市水循环看作一个整体，把雨水、供水、污水（中水）等各个环节统筹考虑，有效协调水生态系统的健康、雨洪管理、污染控制和经济发展之间的关系；另一方面，鼓励利用储蓄和收集处理装置，增加径流的再利用，减少径流量和洪峰流量，削减径流污染，并通过将多功能绿地、景观美化和水循环有机结合来增强社会、文化和生态价值。
|
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</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
英国：“可持续性城市排水系统”（SUDS:Sustainable Urban Drainage System）的目标是建立能够平衡经济发展和环境保护、维持良性水循环的可持续的排水体系，是从地表水处理与排放的水流量、水质以及环境舒适度3方面综合考虑，以解决雨水管理问题的一种工程与非工程相结合的管理理念与方法。
|
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</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
美国的BMPs和LID，首先从自然环境保护角度出发，从宏观城市设计到微观场地设计都进行雨水径流的预设处理，尽量减少人为活动对自然环境的干扰；其次考虑雨水设施对城市环境的优化，不刻意增加城市开发强度。澳大利亚的WSUD则更多从城市建设、水循环利用角度考虑雨水的排放与治理问题，将雨水视为一种珍贵的水资源，从雨水源头到受纳水体之间进行收集，减少城市供水压力，是一种城市运作的优化。英国的SUDS着重解决城市发展与环境保护的协调发展问题，在城市建设中整体考虑雨水的就地下渗处理和收集利用，在生态保护中，释放现有排水设施的潜力，尽可能地增加城市的建设容量。此外，还有很多国家在雨水调蓄利用方面进行了一定的探索，取得了丰硕的成果，这些研究和有效的实践，印证了世界先进的雨水管理理念的有效性，大大充实了雨水管理理念的应用范畴，为进一步推进城市雨水管理提供了重要的借鉴意义。
|
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</p>
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p>
|
|||
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">三、国内外雨水管理对比</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
不管具体的管理方式有哪些，从雨水径流由地面到受纳水体的运动过程来看，国外先进雨水管理的根本点在于两个基本部分——“源控制”与“下游控制”。雨水进入城市管道之前的过程，是“源控制”的重点，“源控制”理念是控制雨水的排放时间，或就地渗入，或暂时存储，“以达到削峰、减流、净化雨水径流、补充地下水之效果”。而“下游控制”是指雨水进入管道后的过程控制，是对雨水以及污水的水量调节及初步处理。在排水系统的中下游选择适当的地点，建立作为暂时储存雨污的调节池，减少雨污的溢流次数，并初步去除污染改善水质。下游控制是各个国家传统的雨污处理方式，在巴黎、日本均建有规模宏大的地下蓄水设备，可以在暴雨中成功调节城市内的雨水排放，减轻甚至杜绝城市内涝。虽然现在国内的雨水管理也开始进入领导者的视野，但针对复杂的城市现状，改造提升工作非常复杂且艰巨。
|
|||
|
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</p>
|
|||
|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
我国传统的雨水排放体制建立在苏联城市建设的经验基础之上，排水标准低，设计方法落后，设计理念基本上处于发达国家20世纪60年代水平，着眼于污水治理，视雨水为无污染的废弃物，任其自由排入水体，甚至认为仅需设计雨污分流系统便可解决雨水问题，雨水问题得不到系统的解决。国内外雨水管理的理念与方法存在着一定的差距。基于国内雨水排放问题的认识，在引入国外优秀雨水管理方式时，更要分清地域及社会经济情况，针对不同地域、不同的社会发展阶段，采取前瞻性与现实性的规划设计方式。
|
|||
|
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</p>
|
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|
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">
|
|||
|
|
要从根本上促进雨水管理事业的进步，必须从指导观念出发，转变“尽快排放、雨水无污染”的理念，将雨水作为城市的一部分进行管理与调控，不仅要从上而下地指导雨水管理，也要宣传雨水收集利用的理念，增强公众参与，节约水资源；政府应设立专项基金或优惠政策，扶持雨水利用产业的发展，调动开发商和企事业单位的积极性，大力发展“水工业”；对于研究成果，政府应加大扶持力度，尽快推广革新技术，使得研究成果实实在在地为城市的将来贡献力量。规划作为城市建设的龙头，必须在城市建设的各个方面首先考虑到雨水循环与城市发展的关系，从宏观的洪水风险控制、流域防洪到微观的新区建设、旧区改造各个层面指导城市建设。同时，雨水管理体系也必须考虑当地社区的需求，与城市公共活动空间、景观设计结合起来，不仅增加了雨水管理设施的娱乐性，美化市容市貌，也在城市地区的水道与河道中为野生动植物提供栖息地。
|
|||
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</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">（来源：摘自2015年第1期《国际城市规划》，作者：张玉鹏）</p>
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<p><br></p>
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